by Cynthia M. Schmidt, M.D., M.L.S.

Published December 2015

Updated July 2019

 

You should complete the  first and second episode of this tutorial miniseries before beginning this third episode.

 

Warning:

If you are using Internet Explorer, please STOP now! Open another internet browser (we recommend Firefox) and go to --

http://list.unmc.edu/gots/tutorial/sb3n

-- and continue working on the tutorial in the new browser.

 

Remember:

If the screen jitters, right-click on the header of the instruction panel and click the "reload" or "refresh" option or icon.

Sarah: Case Recap

If you don't need a recap, skip forward to the next page.

Sarah Pilger is an obese, pregnant, 16 year-old with fundal height of 27 cm.  Her LMP suggests a current gestational age of 24.5 weeks. Fetal ultrasound performed yesterday is also consistent with a 24.5 week gestation but shows asymmetric (brain-sparing) growth retardation.  The fetal biparietal diameter is at the 50th percentile but the abdominal circumference and femur length are lagging behind  near the 10th and 3rd percentile, respectively.  

Other abnormal fetal ultrasound findings -- placental thickening, ascites, and in the brain - mild ventriculmegaly and multiple small intraparenchymal calcifications -- are consistent with a fetal infection. 

Sarah was referred to you for nutritional counseling because of her obesity.  Sarah's obesity is certainly a concern but is not the only  nutrition-related concern.  You have learned that it is likely that Sarah has actually lost weight during her pregnancy.  She began a strict 900 - 1000 calorie/day diet and increased her physical activity level about a week after she must have become pregnant.  

Learning issue #3: Does Sarah's fundal height support the gestational age based on LMP?

The fundal height measured at 24.5 weeks after Sarah's last menstrual period (LMP)  was 27 cm.  What gestational age would be expected to correlate with a 27 cm uterine fundus?

Methods for measuring and interpreting fundal height seem like  basic information that all medical students would learn during the course of their studies. Standard medical textbooks are often the best source for such basic information.

The library has both printed and electronic books that contain this type of information.  The electronic books are available during our renovation.  Print books can be requested through interlibrary loan.

Books

There are three 'points of entry' for a search of the McGoogan Library's entire e-book collection.

The first two portals are just different ways of accessing the library's e-Book Finder. The e-Book Finder only allows:

  • a search for full title words

The third portal provides entry to the library's online catalog. When searching the catalog you can search for both print and e-books simultaneously, but you can also easily limit your search to e-books. The catalog has a more robust search engine than the e-Book Finder. The catalog search allows:

  • a search for words in the book title, chapter titles, and subject headings

using a search that may include:

  • truncated words
  • search terms that have been joined by Boolean operators (AND, OR) and grouped using parentheses.

Books -- e-Book Finder

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There are two portals for the e-Book Finder search:

1) Find the "Ebooks" area in the middle of the homepage.

  • Click on the "+" sign to gain access to the Ebooks search box.
  • Make the appropriate choice from the drop-down ("Title contains all words" usually works best). 
  • Enter search term/s and hit the "Enter" key on your keyboard. (We'll do an actual search after looking at the other route for accessing the e-Book Finder).

A screenshot of the "Ebooks" area of the library homepage with an arrow pointing to the +/- button and another pair of arrows showing selection of the "Title contains all words" option from the drop-down next to the search box.

 

Books -- e-Book Finder

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2) Alternately, you can find the "Online Journals/Ebooks" link on the homepage. Unfortunately, the link is not always obvious.

  • Start at the Library's homepage
  • The next step will depend on the width of your internet browser window.

*If your browser window is wide enough, you will see buttons above the picture and can click on the "Online Journals/Ebooks" link.

A screenshot emphasizing the appearance of the "Online Journals/Ebooks" link.

*If your browser, isn't wide enough to display links above the picture, find and click on the "Menu" icon.

Screenshot of the "Menu" icon.

Click on the "Online Journals/Ebooks" option that appears.

Books -- e-Book Finder

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When you reach the "Online Journals/Ebooks" page:

  • select the "E-Books Only" option
A screenshot shows selection of the "E-Books Only" option and use of the drop-down next ot the search box to select "Title contains al words."
  • use the drop-down menu next to the search box to select "Title contains all words" option
  • Books about obstetrics are the most likely to give information about normal fundal heights so type --

obstetrics

-- in the search box. (Searches for -- obstetric -- or -- pregnancy -- or -- prenatal -- might produce other, potentially useful, results).

  • click the "Search" button.
  • Scan the results of your search.
You should see a couple potentially useful books.

Books -- Catalog Search for Print or Online Books

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The third book search portal leads to a library catalog search. As mentioned earlier, the catalog search is more powerful than the "e-books only" search option.

  • Find the "Catalog" area in the middle of the homepage.

A screenshot of the "catalog" area of the homepage. The drop-down in the opened catalog area is being used to select "Keyword."

  • Click on the "+" sign to gain access to the catalog search box.
  • Select the "Keyword" option from the drop-down adjacent to the search box.

Books -- Catalog Search for Print or Online Books

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Of course, you could perform the same -- obstetrics -- search you performed in the e-Book finder, but, since the catalog search will handle complicated searches, it's worth thinking about the terms that might be helpful.

  • What other terms might be used for the obstetrics concept? Perhaps the following spring to your mind:

obstetrics, obstetric, pregnancy, pregnant, prenatal, gravid, gravida

  • You can truncate terms with asterisks, *, to avoid some typing. Warning: it's usually best to avoid using truncation after a single syllable trunk.

obstetric*, pregnan*, prenatal, gravid*

  • When combining search terms, OR together alternate terms for a concept. OR indicates that you don't care which of the adjacent terms is present (either one OR the other is fine).
obstetric* OR pregnan* OR prenatal OR gravid*
  • If your search contained terms for more than one concept, you would next
    • enclose OR'd terms in parentheses so that the OR operations would be performed before any adjacent operations
    • Join your disparate search concepts with AND (indicating that you want a term for each concept to be present in each result retrieved)
  • Copy the search strategy --

obstetric* OR pregnan* OR prenatal OR gravid*

-- and paste it in the catalog search box, and hit the "Enter" key on your keyboard.

  • Scan the search results.  As you can see, a lot of the results are not really focused on the topic of interest.  Fortunately, this is easily fixed.

Books -- Catalog Search for Print or Online Books

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  • Click the "Advanced" link above the search box.
  • Select the "Title" option from the drop-down next to the search box.
  • Choose the "eBooks" option from the "Locations" drop-down menu.
Screenshot of the "Advanced" search page.
  • Click the "Submit" button.
  • Scan the results of your search.

You should a number of potentially useful books.

Books -- full-text AccessMedicine search

The library buys individual e-books and e-book collections.  Sometimes, rather than using the e-Book Finder or Catalog to search for a book from among all these books, it may be easier to search the Library's single biggest e-book collection. 

When you search this single collection, AccessMedicine, you can perform a full-text search and retrieve a list of the chapters that include the word/s of interest.   

AccessMedicine -- an e-Book Collection

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AccessMedicine's extensive e-book collection includes basic science, basic clinical medicine, and and more advanced clinical medicine texts.

To get to AccessMedicine:

In the future, you can reach the library's homepage by going to any unmc.edu page and clicking the "Library" link at the bottom of the "Quick Links" list in the lower right-hand corner of the page.

  • Click on the "Clinical Resources" button.

screenshot of McGoogan Library homepage with arrow pointing to Clinical Resources link

  • Click on the "AccessMedicine" link.

Screenshot of "Clinical Resources" page with arrow pointed to "AccessMedicine" link.

  • If asked to do so, login with your UNMC e-mail username and password (UNMC Net ID)

AccessMedicine -- an e-Book Collection

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  • Enter --
fundal height
 
-- in the AccessMedicine search box.
A screensot showing entry of -- fundal height -- in the AccessMedicine search box.
  • Hit the "Enter" key on your keyboard or click the "Search" button.

 

IMPORTANT: It's possible that the side-panel will make the AccessMedicine page too narrow to display the results or to later display the text of the chapter you want to read. If you can't see the AccessMedicine search results easily, click the "floating guide" icon at the top of this instruction panel.

A screenshot of the upper edge of the left-hand panel of this window. An arrow points to the "floating guide" icon.

(When you wish to return the instruction panel to the side position, just click on the "floating guide" icon again.)

AccessMedicine -- an e-Book Collection

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The initial search results are not always the most relevant.

  • Continue to scan down the result list,
  • Click the link to the 

"Prenatal care > Fundal Height"

section of William's Obstetrics.  (William's is THE standard obstetrics text. )

  • Click on the link.
  • Find the section discussing fundal height.

AccessMedicine -- an e-Book Collection

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Sarah's fundal height was 27 cm at a time when the date of her last menstrual period suggested a gestational age of 24 weeks.  Based on the information about fundal height in William's and your knowledge about Sarah, would you expect her fundal height measurement to produce an accurate estimate of gestational age?

 

Learning issue #4 and 5: Recommended weight gain/loss?

You've seen that fundal height measurements in obese, pregnant women may produce falsely high estimates of gestational age.  Of course, obesity can also affect other aspects of pregnancy care.

For example, how much weight should Sarah gain during her pregnancy?

What are the implications of a possible weight loss during the first half of her pregnancy in an obese patient like Sarah?

Standard medical texts might include this information.  However, these are issues that don't arise in every pregnancy.  Sometimes questions like these, issues that might be the province of sub-specialists, are covered better by UpToDate.

UpToDate: frequently updated subject reviews

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To reach UpToDate:

  • Click on the "Clinical Resources" button

screenshot of McGoogan Library homepage with arrow pointing to Clinical Resources link

  • Click on the "UpToDate" link.
  • If asked to do so, login with your UNMC Net ID.
  • At times, the UpToDate homepage contains UpToDate login boxes.  If UpToDate login boxes are present, you can ignore them and use the search box at the upper left.

UpToDate: frequently updated subject reviews

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If UpToDate contains an article that includes information about weight loss in obese, pregnant women it might also give you information about the recommended weight gain.

  • Start by trying an UpToDate search for -- 

obese AND "weight loss" AND pregnancy 

The quotes (" ... ") tell the search engine that you want the quote-enclosed words to be adjacent to each other and in the order specified.

The AND tells the search engine that you want both of the AND-adjacent search terms to be present in each UpToDate article retrieved. The AND is optional in UpToDate. The search engine will handle a space between search terms as though an AND was present.

UpToDate: frequently updated subject reviews

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  • Look at the search result list.  
  • Find the article entitled --

Obesity in Pregnancy: Complications and Clinical Management

 Screenshot of the "Obesity in Pregnancy: Complications and Clinical Management" search result. An arrow points to the section on "effect of weight loss in obese women"

 

UpToDate: frequently updated subject reviews

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  • When the "Obesity in pregnancy: Complications and maternal management" articles appears, look at the navigation panel on the left.
  • Find the "Gestational weight gain" link in the "First trimester" portion of the "Pregnancy Management" section.

Screenshot showing positionof the needed link.

Which of the following neonatal outcomes is associated with weight loss by obese pregnant women?

UpToDate: frequently updated subject reviews

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  • Scroll to the "Graphics" section of the outline panel on the left. You'll find "Graphics" below "References" and above the "Related Topics" list.

 If your browser window is small, the outline panel may be hidden. Click the "View Outline" link above the article's title to see the outline above the article.  

  • Click on the link to the "IOM Weight Gain Recommendations for Pregnant Women" table.
  • Use the table to find Sarah's recommended pregnancy weight gain.

The Google BMI calculator says that Sarah's BMI is 33.9. (You may recall that Sarah has a weight of 210 lb and a height of 5 foot and 6 inches.)

How much weight does the IOM recommend that Sarah gain during her pregnancy?

 

UpToDate: frequently updated subject reviews

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  • Review the paragraph below the "2009 IOM Weight Gain Recommendations." How might the information in this paragraph affect the recommended weight gain?

UpToDate: frequently updated subject reviews

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Before leaving the article:

  • Scroll to the top to look at the information immediately below the article title and author information.  

A screenshot of the title/author section of the UpToDate article showing the dates of the last literature review and date of last update.

  • Notice that the dates of the most recent literature review and most recent update are shown at the top of each article.  
  • Notice also, that the name/s of the article's reviewers/editors are listed.  UpToDate tries to produce reviews based on the best available medical evidence.  Articles are peer-reviewed.

 

Want to check your resource knowledge?

The following optional questions cover the major points of this tutorial episode:

Which of the following is true of both UpToDate and AccessMedicine' advanced search (a,b, or both (c))?

Which of the following resources is more likely to contain information of interest to sub-specialists?